Contents
Key Indicators — Latest Values
Gross Domestic Product
Moderate growth sustained: GDP advanced 1.9% in 2025
The Portuguese economy maintained moderate growth in 2025, posting a 1.9% year-on-year expansion, broadly consistent with Portugal's structural growth potential and the long-run average of 1.2%.
The Sovereign Debt Crisis period saw average growth of -1.5%, indicating significant economic stress. The COVID-19 Pandemic period saw average growth of -1.3%, indicating significant economic stress. The Energy and Inflation Crisis period saw average growth of 5.0%, indicating resilience.
Recent momentum has been notably above trend, with the three-year average growth rate of 2.4% exceeding the long-run mean of 1.2% by 1.2 percentage points. This above-trend expansion should be assessed for sustainability.
Source: INE · Banco de Portugal · Eurostat · ECB — interactive: zoom, hover, download
Key Findings
- Overall expansion of 19.9% from 2010 to 2025.
- Peak: 53925.6 in 2025; Trough: 39366.6 in 2020.
- Long-run average growth: 1.2%; recent 3-year average: 2.4%.
- During the Sovereign Debt Crisis, average growth was -1.5%, indicating significant economic stress.
- During the COVID-19 Pandemic, average growth was -1.3%, indicating significant economic stress.
- During the Energy and Inflation Crisis, average growth was 5.0%, indicating resilience.
Descriptive Statistics (2010–2025)
| Indicator | Mean | Std Dev | Median |
|---|---|---|---|
| GDP Growth YoY (%) | 1.25 | 4.61 | 2.07 |
| GDP Growth QoQ (%) | 0.34 | 2.90 | 0.49 |
| Nominal GDP (EUR M) | 52,777 | 10,802 | 49,488 |
| GDP per Capita (EUR) | 20,116 | 3,885 | 19,135 |
Outlook
The near-term outlook is cautiously optimistic. With recent growth averaging 2.4%, the economy has demonstrated resilience. However, convergence toward the EU average requires sustained structural reform. External risks, including global trade tensions and energy price volatility, remain key factors.
Labour Market & Employment
Labour market strength: unemployment at 5.6% in 2025
Portugal's labour market has undergone significant transformation over 2010-2025. The unemployment rate declined from 12.6% to 5.6%, representing a 7.0 percentage point improvement.
During the Sovereign Debt Crisis, unemployment averaged 15.5% and peaked at 18.3%, reflecting significant stress on the labour market. During the COVID-19 Pandemic, unemployment averaged 6.9% and peaked at 8.4%, demonstrating labour market resilience. During the Energy and Inflation Crisis, unemployment averaged 6.4% and peaked at 7.0%, demonstrating labour market resilience.
The current rate of 5.6% is near historical lows, indicating substantial labour market recovery. However, structural issues including skills mismatches and regional disparities continue to require policy attention.
Source: INE · Banco de Portugal · Eurostat · ECB — interactive: zoom, hover, download
Key Findings
- Unemployment fell by 7.0 percentage points over the full period.
- Peak: 18.3% in 2013; Trough: 5.6% in 2025.
- Overall trend classified as decreasing.
- Youth unemployment averaged 26.2%, latest reading: 18.5% — highlighting persistent generational disparity.
- The Sovereign Debt Crisis drove unemployment to an average of 15.5%.
- The COVID-19 Pandemic drove unemployment to an average of 6.9%.
Descriptive Statistics (2010–2025)
| Indicator | Mean | Std Dev | Median |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 10.07 | 3.93 | 8.20 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 26.20 | 6.84 | 24.15 |
| Long-term Unemp. (%) | 4.93 | 2.58 | 3.75 |
| Labour Force Part. (%) | 74.90 | 1.80 | 74.35 |
Outlook
The labour market outlook is positive. The downward unemployment trend is expected to continue, supported by economic growth and tourism sector resilience. However, demographic pressures and emigration may tighten labour supply.
Credit to the Economy
Credit conditions stabilise: latest balance at 853405 EUR million
Credit to the Portuguese economy has exhibited a increasing trajectory over 2010-2025. Total outstanding credit moved from 645587 to 853405 EUR million, a cumulative change of 32.2%. This evolution reflects deleveraging pressures following the sovereign debt crisis, regulatory tightening, and subsequent normalisation.
The Sovereign Debt Crisis period saw average growth of 2.3%, indicating performance broadly in line with the overall trend. The COVID-19 Pandemic period saw average growth of 2.8%, indicating resilience. The Energy and Inflation Crisis period saw average growth of 2.7%, indicating resilience.
Recent credit dynamics (2.0% average growth) show improvement relative to the long-run average (1.9%), suggesting the deleveraging cycle may be approaching completion.
Source: INE · Banco de Portugal · Eurostat · ECB — interactive: zoom, hover, download
Key Findings
- Overall expansion of 32.2% from 2010 to 2025.
- Peak: 868563.7 in 2025; Trough: 628839.0 in 2010.
- Long-run average growth: 1.9%; recent 3-year average: 2.0%.
- Segment 'credit_nfc' latest: 308679.5, mean: 279544.1.
- Segment 'credit_households' latest: 173451.0, mean: 150073.7.
- NPL indicator (npl_ratio) averaged 8.6%, latest: 2.1%.
Descriptive Statistics (2010–2025)
| Indicator | Mean | Std Dev | Median |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Credit (EUR M) | 739,710 | 53,786 | 721,132 |
| NPL Ratio (%) | 8.57 | 5.12 | 7.40 |
Outlook
The credit outlook remains cautious. While banking fundamentals have improved since the sovereign debt crisis, structural challenges including consolidation pressures and digital transformation costs may constrain lending capacity.
Interest Rate Environment
Rate normalisation underway: primary rate at 2.1% in 2025
The interest rate environment in Portugal has been shaped by extraordinary monetary policy cycles over 2010-2025. The primary rate moved from 1.0% to 2.1%, reflecting the ECB's response to successive crises and subsequent normalisation.
Rates fell to a low of 0.0% in 2016 under the ECB's accommodative measures, then climbed to a peak of 4.5% in 2023 as policy tightened against the post-pandemic inflation surge. Portuguese sovereign yields (portugal_10y_bond_yield) averaged 3.7%, latest at 3.1%.
The current rate of 2.1% must be assessed in the context of the ECB's inflation mandate. For Portugal, the transmission to lending conditions, mortgage costs, and sovereign debt servicing requires careful monitoring.
Source: INE · Banco de Portugal · Eurostat · ECB — interactive: zoom, hover, download
Key Findings
- Primary rate moved from 1.0% to 2.1% over the period.
- Peak: 4.5% in 2023; Trough: 0.0% in 2016.
- Overall trend classified as increasing.
- euribor_3m: mean 0.7%, range [-0.6% - 4.0%], latest 2.0%.
- euribor_6m: mean 0.8%, range [-0.5% - 4.1%], latest 2.1%.
- euribor_12m: mean 0.9%, range [-0.5% - 4.2%], latest 2.3%.
Descriptive Statistics (2010–2025)
| Indicator | Mean | Std Dev | Median |
|---|---|---|---|
| ECB Main Rate (%) | 0.93 | 1.35 | 0.15 |
| Euribor 3M (%) | 0.65 | 1.33 | 0.19 |
| PT 10Y Bond Yield (%) | 3.73 | 3.08 | 3.07 |
Outlook
Rates are expected to remain influenced by ECB decisions. At 2.1%, the critical question is whether Portugal can absorb higher financing costs without triggering adverse feedback through the sovereign-bank-corporate nexus.
Price Stability & Inflation
Inflation near target: rate at 2.4% consistent with price stability in 2025
Portugal's inflation dynamics over 2010-2025 reflect the broader European experience. Headline inflation averaged 2.0% per annum, moving from 1.4% to 2.4%. The trend is classified as increasing, with significant variation driven by external shocks, energy prices, and monetary policy transmission.
During the Sovereign Debt Crisis, inflation averaged 1.7%, reflecting cost-push factors. The COVID-19 Pandemic had a pronounced impact on prices, with inflation averaging 0.4% during the period. The Energy and Inflation Crisis had a pronounced impact on prices, with inflation averaging 6.7% during the period.
Core inflation (excluding energy and food) averaged 1.4%, with a latest reading of 2.6%. The gap between headline and core measures indicates the persistence of price pressures.
Source: INE · Banco de Portugal · Eurostat · ECB — interactive: zoom, hover, download
Key Findings
- Average inflation: 2.0% over the full period.
- Peak: 10.6% in 2022; Minimum: -0.8% in 2020.
- Trend classified as increasing.
- cpi_estimated averaged 1.8%, latest: 2.2%.
- core_inflation averaged 1.4%, latest: 2.6%.
Descriptive Statistics (2010–2025)
| Indicator | Mean | Std Dev | Median |
|---|---|---|---|
| HICP Inflation (%) | 1.95 | 2.33 | 1.30 |
| CPI Estimated (%) | 1.80 | 2.33 | 1.16 |
| Core Inflation (%) | 1.45 | 1.73 | 0.95 |
Outlook
The inflation outlook is balanced. Near-target inflation provides a stable environment for planning. Principal uncertainties are external: energy markets, global supply chains, and ECB monetary policy calibration.
Public Debt Sustainability
Debt above Maastricht threshold: 89.7% of GDP in 2025
Portugal's public debt trajectory over 2010-2025 has been a defining challenge of the macroeconomic framework. The primary measure moved from 95.2 to 89.7 % of GDP, a cumulative change of -5.8%, shaped by the sovereign debt crisis, austerity programmes, and post-crisis recovery dynamics.
During the Sovereign Debt Crisis, debt averaged 125.1 % of GDP, reaching 134.7 at its peak. During the COVID-19 Pandemic, debt averaged 128.9 % of GDP, reaching 137.5 at its peak. During the Energy and Inflation Crisis, debt averaged 111.9 % of GDP, reaching 123.4 at its peak.
The declining debt trend is a positive signal. However, at 89.7 % of GDP, Portugal remains above the euro area average and the 60% Maastricht threshold. Continued fiscal discipline is essential.
Source: INE · Banco de Portugal · Eurostat · ECB — interactive: zoom, hover, download
Key Findings
- Public debt decreased by 5.8% over the full period.
- Peak: 137.5 % of GDP in 2021; Trough: 89.7 in 2025.
- Debt trend classified as decreasing.
- Fiscal balance (budget_deficit): average -3.4, latest -3.0.
- Fiscal balance (budget_deficit_annual): average -3.3, latest 0.7.
Descriptive Statistics (2010–2025)
| Indicator | Mean | Std Dev | Median |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debt-to-GDP Ratio (%) | 119.14 | 14.29 | 123.65 |
| Budget Balance Quarterly (% GDP) | -3.39 | 5.05 | -3.10 |
| Budget Balance Annual (% GDP) | -3.33 | 3.51 | -3.48 |
| External Debt Share Est. (%) | 54.92 | 8.97 | 52.53 |
Outlook
The fiscal outlook is cautiously positive. A sustained declining debt trajectory positions Portugal for potential credit rating upgrades. Key assumptions: GDP growth above 1.5%, primary surpluses, and stable financing conditions.
Housing Market
Source: INE · Banco de Portugal · Eurostat · ECB — interactive: zoom, hover, download
Descriptive Statistics (2010–2025)
| Indicator | Mean | Std Dev | Median |
|---|---|---|---|
| House Price Index (2015=100) | 143.56 | 52.96 | 123.00 |
| House Price Growth YoY (%) | 6.37 | 6.66 | 8.70 |
| Avg. Price per sqm (EUR) | 1,126 | 418 | 965 |
| Housing Transactions | 130,038 | 43,586 | 144,900 |
| New Mortgage Loans (EUR M) | 9,862 | 6,089 | 9,700 |
Labour Market Detail
Source: INE · Banco de Portugal · Eurostat · ECB — interactive: zoom, hover, download
Descriptive Statistics (2010–2025)
| Indicator | Mean | Std Dev | Median |
|---|---|---|---|
| Employment: Services (%) | 68.38 | 3.44 | 69.45 |
| Employment: Industry (%) | 25.28 | 0.59 | 25.05 |
| Employment: Agriculture (%) | 6.34 | 2.86 | 5.50 |
| Real Wage Index (2015=100) | 101.00 | 5.10 | 101.50 |
| Labour Productivity Index (2015=100) | 101.88 | 3.54 | 101.50 |
External Competitiveness
Source: INE · Banco de Portugal · Eurostat · ECB — interactive: zoom, hover, download
Descriptive Statistics (2010–2025)
| Indicator | Mean | Std Dev | Median |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trade Balance (% GDP) | -0.31 | 3.12 | 0.85 |
| Current Account (% GDP) | -0.95 | 3.33 | 0.04 |
| REER Index (2015=100) | 98.97 | 2.98 | 97.65 |
| Export Growth YoY (%) | 5.36 | 6.29 | 4.90 |
Fiscal Structure
Source: INE · Banco de Portugal · Eurostat · ECB — interactive: zoom, hover, download
Descriptive Statistics (2010–2025)
| Indicator | Mean | Std Dev | Median |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Revenue (% GDP) | 43.14 | 1.01 | 43.10 |
| Total Expenditure (% GDP) | 46.52 | 3.51 | 46.40 |
| Health Expenditure (% GDP) | 6.17 | 0.34 | 6.05 |
| Education Expenditure (% GDP) | 5.30 | 0.24 | 5.20 |
| Social Protection (% GDP) | 18.34 | 0.70 | 18.20 |
| Interest Payments (% GDP) | 3.38 | 1.01 | 3.30 |
Inequality & Income
Source: INE · Banco de Portugal · Eurostat · ECB — interactive: zoom, hover, download
Descriptive Statistics (2010–2025)
| Indicator | Mean | Std Dev | Median |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gini Index | 33.08 | 1.22 | 33.60 |
| S80/S20 Income Ratio | 5.56 | 0.40 | 5.65 |
| Poverty Risk Rate (%) | 17.71 | 1.20 | 17.90 |
| Median Income Index (EU27=100) | 74.21 | 4.87 | 73.65 |
Executive Dashboard
Single-view summary of all six macroeconomic pillars — GDP, unemployment, credit, interest rates, inflation, and public debt — spanning 2010 to 2025.
Source: INE · Banco de Portugal · Eurostat · ECB
Cross-Pillar Analysis
ACT 1 - CRISIS AND ADJUSTMENT (2010-2014): Portugal entered the decade under severe macroeconomic stress. Unemployment peaked at 18.3%, the debt-to-GDP ratio climbed to 134.7%, and sovereign bond yields exceeded 10% as markets priced in default risk. The EU/IMF bailout programme imposed fiscal consolidation that contracted the economy but laid the foundations for structural reform.
ACT 2 - ORGANIC RECOVERY (2015-2019): Portugal achieved a rare combination: declining unemployment, falling debt ratios, and a budget surplus in 2019 - the first in Portuguese democratic history. The sovereign spread normalised to near-zero, the banking system began its NPL cleanup, and GDP growth consistently outpaced the eurozone average.
ACT 3 - RESILIENCE AND CONVERGENCE (2020-2025): The COVID shock caused a sharp but temporary contraction that pushed debt-to-GDP to an all-time high of 137.5% in 2021. The recovery was swift: real GDP surpassed pre-pandemic levels by 2022. By 2025, unemployment stands at 5.6% (near EU average), debt-to-GDP has fallen to 89.7% (below the 100% mark since 2023), and the annual budget balance shows a surplus of 0.7% of GDP. The NPL ratio at 2.1% confirms a clean banking system.
FORWARD RISKS: Despite the structural improvement, Portugal faces credit complacency (NPL at historic lows may mask emerging risks), inflation persistence (2.4% still above the ECB 2% target), the productivity gap (GDP per capita remains ~82% of the EU average in purchasing-power terms). The era of easy growth (crisis recovery plus inflation-driven nominal expansion) is ending. Future growth must come from productivity gains, not cyclical tailwinds.
STRATEGIC IMPLICATION: Portugal has completed a fundamental transformation from bailout recipient to fiscally credible eurozone member. The policy priority must now shift from stabilisation to sustained convergence - investing the fiscal surplus in human capital, digitalisation, and innovation rather than consuming it.
Okun's Law relationship is functioning as expected: GDP growth averaging 2.4% has been accompanied by declining unemployment (currently 5.6%). The labour market is absorbing output expansion, consistent with a healthy growth-employment nexus.
The interest rate-credit relationship shows atypical patterns, with rates trending increasing while credit is trending increasing. Non-standard factors may be at play, including regulatory changes, capital market substitution, or structural shifts in credit demand.
Inflation at 2.4% and interest rates at 2.1% suggest a broadly neutral monetary stance with a real rate of -0.2%. The calibration appears appropriate given current conditions.
The growth-debt dynamic is favourable: GDP growth of 2.4% is driving a declining debt trajectory (trend: decreasing). At 89.7% of GDP, the denominator effect of growth is working to improve sustainability ratios. This virtuous circle should be reinforced through continued structural reform.
Source: INE · Banco de Portugal · Eurostat · ECB
Source: INE · Banco de Portugal · Eurostat · ECB
Source: INE · Banco de Portugal · Eurostat · ECB
Seasonal-Trend Decomposition (STL)
Decomposition of key economic time series into trend, seasonal, and residual components using STL (Seasonal and Trend decomposition using Loess). This reveals underlying structural trends stripped of seasonal noise.
Source: INE · Banco de Portugal · Eurostat · ECB
Source: INE · Banco de Portugal · Eurostat · ECB
Source: INE · Banco de Portugal · Eurostat · ECB
SARIMAX Forecasting
12-quarter-ahead forecasts generated by SARIMAX models with automatic order selection via AIC. Models are cached for 7 days (joblib) and refit when new data arrives. Shaded bands show 68% and 95% prediction intervals; residual diagnostics include the Ljung-Box test.
| Indicator | Latest Period | Latest Value | Horizon | Forecast | Direction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Real GDP (EUR millions) | 2025-Q4 | 53925.6 | 2028-Q4 | 57696.4 | ▲ |
| Unemployment rate (%) | 2025-12 | 5.6 | 2028-12 | 5.8 | ▲ |
| HICP inflation (%) | 2025-12 | 2.4 | 2028-12 | 2.9 | ▲ |
| Total Credit (EUR millions) | 2025-12 | 853404.7 | 2028-12 | 907480.5 | ▲ |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio (%) | 2025-Q4 | 89.7 | 2028-Q4 | 91.3 | ▲ |
Source: Portugal Data Intelligence model suite — method: SARIMAX; shaded bands are 68% / 95% intervals
Source: Portugal Data Intelligence model suite — method: exponential smoothing + mean-reversion; shaded bands are 68% / 95% intervals
Source: Portugal Data Intelligence model suite — method: SARIMAX; shaded bands are 68% / 95% intervals
Source: Portugal Data Intelligence model suite — method: log-linear trend (recent 3 years); shaded bands are 68% / 95% intervals
Source: Portugal Data Intelligence model suite — method: debt dynamics equation; shaded bands are 68% / 95% intervals
EU Benchmarking
Portugal's macroeconomic performance compared to key European peers (Germany, Spain, France, Italy) and EU/Euro Area averages.
Source: INE · Banco de Portugal · Eurostat · ECB
Source: INE · Banco de Portugal · Eurostat · ECB
Regional Analysis — NUTS2
Portugal's macroeconomic performance varies significantly across its seven NUTS2 regions. Lisboa accounts for a disproportionate share of national GDP while peripheral regions face structural challenges in competitiveness and employment.
Source: Eurostat (nama_10r_2gdp) — interactive choropleth — hover over each region
| Code | Region | GDP per Capita (PPS) | Unemployment |
|---|---|---|---|
| PT11 | Norte | 29,600 | 6.3% |
| PT15 | Algarve | 37,300 | 5.7% |
| PT16 | Centro | 28,900 | 5.1% |
| PT17 | Lisboa | 45,300 | 6.8% |
| PT18 | Alentejo | 30,500 | 5.4% |
| PT20 | Açores | 30,400 | 4.9% |
| PT30 | Madeira | 37,000 | 5.4% |
- Lisboa has the highest GDP per capita (PPS): 45,300
- Centro has the lowest: 28,900 — a gap of 16,400 PPS
- Unemployment range across regions: 1.9 pp
- Regional GDP dispersion is converging (CV trend slope: -0.002281 per year)
Risk Matrix
| Pillar | Risk Level | Assessment |
|---|---|---|
| Gross Domestic Product | MODERATE | MODERATE RISK. Growth is positive but not sufficiently above trend to provide a substantial buffer against downside scenarios. Vigilance on external demand conditions and structural bottlenecks is recommended. |
| Labour Market & Employment | MODERATE | MODERATE RISK. Unemployment at 5.6% indicates a healthy labour market, though tightness may generate wage pressures. Monitor for skills gaps and regional imbalances that could constrain further improvement. |
| Credit to the Economy | MODERATE | MODERATE RISK. Credit conditions appear to be normalising. The primary risk lies in the quality of new lending and the adequacy of credit growth to support the economy's investment needs without rebuilding excessive leverage. |
| Interest Rate Environment | ELEVATED | ELEVATED RISK. Rate normalisation to 2.1% creates adjustment pressures across the economy, particularly for borrowers who accumulated debt during the low-rate period. Monitoring of household and corporate debt-service ratios is essential. |
| Price Stability & Inflation | MODERATE | LOW-TO-MODERATE RISK. Inflation at 2.4% is broadly consistent with price stability. The primary risk is an unexpected acceleration driven by energy prices, supply chain disruptions, or domestic wage pressures. |
| Public Debt Sustainability | MODERATE | MODERATE RISK. Debt at 89.7% of GDP exceeds the Maastricht reference but is on a manageable path if current fiscal discipline is maintained. The primary risk is an external shock that reverses consolidation progress. |
Strategic Recommendations
- Sustain fiscal discipline and maintain a declining public debt trajectory, targeting compliance with EU fiscal governance benchmarks while preserving space for growth-enhancing public investment.
- Accelerate structural reform implementation, particularly in labour market flexibility, digital transformation, and green transition, to raise potential output growth and enhance economic resilience.
- Strengthen the financial sector's capacity to support economic growth through improved credit transmission, NPL resolution, and diversification of corporate financing channels.
- Invest in human capital and innovation ecosystems to address skills mismatches, support higher-value-added sectors, and facilitate Portugal's convergence toward EU income and productivity levels.
- Develop comprehensive risk monitoring and scenario planning capabilities across macroeconomic pillars to enable proactive policy response to external shocks and structural shifts.
Platform & Tools
Portugal Data Intelligence v2.5.1 delivers insights through multiple complementary channels, each tailored to a different audience and use case.
Four-page web dashboard with real-time KPI cards, per-pillar deep-dive with configurable year range and indicator filters, cross-pillar correlation heatmap with Phillips curve analysis, and a raw data explorer with CSV download.
Launch: streamlit run dashboard/app.py
Seven endpoints exposing macroeconomic data programmatically: pillar listing, latest values with summary statistics, filtered timeseries queries, active alert monitoring, and cross-pillar correlation matrices. Full OpenAPI documentation at /docs.
Launch: uvicorn api.main:app --reload
Multi-model forecasting combining SARIMAX, Holt-Winters, linear trend, mean-reversion, and log-linear models. Models are automatically weighted by inverse MAE from expanding-window backtesting, producing robust consensus projections with 68% and 95% confidence bands.
39 DAX measures across 7 categories (KPIs, YoY growth, moving averages, derived metrics, period comparisons, formatting, calculated columns) for enterprise-grade interactive dashboards with drill-down and what-if analysis.
Additionally, the platform includes a configurable alert engine with warning/critical thresholds for 11 indicators across the economic pillars, an API response cache to reduce redundant HTTP calls to Eurostat, ECB, and Banco de Portugal, and a comprehensive CI/CD pipeline (GitHub Actions) with linting, testing across Python 3.10–3.12, and automated coverage reporting.
Methodology & Data Sources
This report analyses the Portuguese economy across twelve macroeconomic pillars plus regional NUTS2 analysis, using data from 2010 to 2025. The core macro-financial pillars (GDP, unemployment, inflation, interest rates, credit, public debt) and the inequality and regional series carry the official values published by the institutions below. The housing, labour-structure, external-accounts and fiscal pillars are modelled series calibrated to the corresponding official releases (Eurostat, INE, Banco de Portugal); they track the published levels and dynamics but are not the raw official records.
| Source | URL |
|---|---|
| INE | https://www.ine.pt |
| Banco de Portugal | https://bpstat.bportugal.pt |
| PORDATA | https://www.pordata.pt |
| Eurostat | https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat |
| ECB | https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats |
Granularity: GDP, Public Debt, and External Accounts are quarterly; Unemployment, Credit, Interest Rates, and Inflation are monthly; Housing, Labour Detail, Fiscal, Inequality, and Regional are annual.
Data Quality: All pillars pass an 8-check validation framework (schema, nulls, ranges, outliers, drift, completeness, consistency, freshness).
Analysis Engine: Python (pandas, statsmodels, scipy) with SQLite storage, ensemble forecasting, and automated reporting.
Delivery: Power BI, Streamlit dashboard, self-contained HTML, REST API (FastAPI).
Version: 2.5.1 — Generated 13 June 2026